an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has an outermost surface layer containing fluorine-containing resin particles, a charge transport material, and a binder resin, in which a number of carboxy groups contained in the fluorine-containing resin particles is 0 or greater and 30 or less per 10⁶ carbon atoms, and the outermost surface layer has a tan δ of 0.025 or greater and 0.030 or less;

a charging device that comes into direct contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor and applies only a DC voltage to charge the electrophotographic photoreceptor;

an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on a surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor;

a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor with a developer containing a toner to form a toner image;

a transfer device that transfers the toner image by bringing the electrophotographic photoreceptor and a medium to be transferred into direct contact with each other; and

a cleaning device that cleans the surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor.