1. An optical element, which is transparent at a wavelength of use λ, comprising a super-hydrophobic nanostructured surface that has an anti-reflection property, said surface comprising an array of pads, wherein the pads have a nanoscale width, a height h, an aspect ratio of less than 1/2, the pitch p of the array is such that p<h and the element comprises a top layer of thickness less than h/5 which covers without discontinuity and conformally said nanostructured surface, said top layer being obtained via a step of annealing at a temperature comprised between 500° C. and 1200° C. and being in a material of a hardness greater than the hardness of the material of said nanostructured surface.
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