| CPC B22F 10/14 (2021.01) [B22F 1/05 (2022.01); B22F 1/10 (2022.01); B22F 3/1021 (2013.01); B22F 10/10 (2021.01); B22F 10/16 (2021.01); B22F 10/32 (2021.01); B22F 10/34 (2021.01); B22F 10/50 (2021.01); B22F 12/10 (2021.01); B29C 64/165 (2017.08); B29C 64/209 (2017.08); B29C 64/295 (2017.08); B29C 64/371 (2017.08); B33Y 10/00 (2014.12); B33Y 30/00 (2014.12); B33Y 70/00 (2014.12); B33Y 70/10 (2020.01); C08L 13/02 (2013.01); C22C 1/0425 (2013.01); B22F 1/103 (2022.01); B22F 3/10 (2013.01); B22F 3/1007 (2013.01); B22F 5/08 (2013.01); B22F 12/53 (2021.01); B22F 12/63 (2021.01); B22F 2201/013 (2013.01); B22F 2201/02 (2013.01); B22F 2201/04 (2013.01); B22F 2201/20 (2013.01); B22F 2304/10 (2013.01); B22F 2998/10 (2013.01); B22F 2999/00 (2013.01); C08K 5/053 (2013.01); Y02P 10/25 (2015.11)] | 10 Claims |
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1. A printing system for printing a three-dimensional object, the printing system comprising:
a fluid applicator containing a binder fluid and for selectively dispensing the binder fluid, the binder fluid including an aqueous liquid vehicle and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle;
wherein the latex polymer particles are made from:
(A) a co-polymerizable surfactant selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether ammonium sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfuric ester, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether ammonium sulfate, and mixtures thereof; and
(B) a hydrophobic monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, p-methyl styrene, a-methyl styrene, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, octadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, vinylbenzyl chloride, isobornyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, ethoxylated nonyl phenol methacrylate, ethoxylated behenyl methacrylate, polypropyleneglycol monoacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, alkoxylated tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, dimethyl maleate, dioctyl maleate, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, diacetone acrylamide, N-vinyl imidazole, N-vinylcarbazole, N-vinyl-caprolactam, and a combination thereof; and
(C) a hydrophilic monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, dimethylacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, vinylsulfonate, cyanoacrylic acid, vinylacetic acid, allylacetic acid, ethylidineacetic acid, propylidineacetic acid, crotonoic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, sorbic acid, angelic acid, cinnamic acid, styrylacrylic acid, citraconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, phenylacrylic acid, acryloxypropionic acid, aconitic acid, phenylacrylic acid, acryloxypropionic acid, vinylbenzoic acid, N-vinylsuccinamidic acid, mesaconic acid, methacroylalanine, acryloylhydroxyglycine, sulfoethyl methacrylic acid, sulfopropyl acrylic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, sulfoethylacrylic acid, 2-methacryloyloxymethane-1-sulfonic acid, 3-methacryoyloxypropane-1-sulfonic acid, 3-(vinyloxy) propane-1-sulfonic acid, ethylenesulfonic acid, vinyl sulfuric acid, 4-vinylphenyl sulfuric acid, ethylene phosphonic acid, vinyl phosphoric acid, vinyl benzoic acid, 2 acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, and a combination thereof;
a build material supply containing a metal powder build material;
a build material distributor;
a heat source;
a controller; and
a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions to cause the controller to print the three-dimensional object by:
utilizing the build material distributor and the fluid applicator to iteratively form at least one layer of the metal powder build material having the binder fluid selectively applied thereto, and
utilizing the heat source to heat the at least one layer to form the three-dimensional object.
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