positioning a light source proximal to the skin surface overlying the trigeminal ganglion;

emitting a wavelength of light with the light source;

transmitting the wavelength of light from the external location on the skin through the facial tissues to the underlying trigeminal ganglion (“transillumination of the trigeminal ganglion”), the light being sufficient to stimulate the neuronal cells of the trigeminal ganglion to at least partially relieve pain and symptoms associated with the head pain;

wherein the generating comprises pulsing in a manner that quenches or kindles neurons of the trigeminal ganglion.