CPC H01M 8/188 (2013.01) [H01M 8/08 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0005 (2013.01)] | 17 Claims |
1. A redox flow battery system, comprising:
at least one rechargeable cell comprising a positive electrolyte, a negative electrolyte, and an ionically conductive membrane positioned between the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte, the positive electrolyte in contact with a positive electrode, and the negative electrolyte in contact with a negative electrode;
the positive electrolyte consisting essentially of water, a first amino acid, an inorganic acid, an iron precursor, a supporting electrolyte, and optionally a boric acid; and
the negative electrolyte consisting essentially of water, the iron precursor, the supporting electrolyte, and a negative electrolyte additive;
wherein the iron precursor is FeCl2, FeCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, FeO, Fe, Fe2O3, or combinations thereof;
wherein the supporting electrolyte is LiCl, NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl, NH4Cl, or combinations thereof; and
wherein the negative electrolyte additive is boric acid and optionally a second amino acid;
wherein the ionically conductive membrane comprises an ionically conductive thin film composite membrane comprising a microporous support membrane and a hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer on a surface of the microporous support membrane, wherein the hydrophilic ionomeric polymer coating layer is ionically conductive; and
wherein the hydrophilic ionomeric polymer comprises a polyphosphoric acid-complexed polysaccharide polymer, a polyphosphoric acid and metal ion-complexed polysaccharide polymer, a metal ion-complexed polysaccharide polymer, a boric acid-complexed polysaccharide polymer, an alginate polymer, an alginic acid polymer, a hyaluronic acid polymer, a boric acid-complexed polyvinyl alcohol polymer, polyphosphoric acid-complexed polyvinyl alcohol polymer, a polyphosphoric acid and metal ion-complexed polyvinyl alcohol polymer, a metal ion-complexed polyvinyl alcohol polymer, a metal ion-complexed poly(acrylic acid) polymer, a boric acid-complexed poly(acrylic acid) polymer, a metal ion-complexed poly(methacrylic acid), a boric acid-complexed poly(methacrylic acid), or combinations thereof; and wherein metal ion is ferric ion or ferrous ion.
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