CPC H01M 4/8626 (2013.01) [H01M 4/134 (2013.01); H01M 4/366 (2013.01); H01M 4/382 (2013.01); H01M 4/628 (2013.01); H01M 4/9083 (2013.01); H01M 12/08 (2013.01); H01M 2004/027 (2013.01); H01M 2004/8689 (2013.01)] | 19 Claims |
1. A lithium-air battery in fluid communication with an ambient atmosphere, the lithium-air battery comprising:
an anode configured to release a plurality of lithium (Li) ions;
a cathode positioned opposite to the anode, the cathode including a plurality of pores, pathways, and cavities defined by one or more carbonaceous structures arranged in the cathode, where each carbonaceous structure is based on coalescence of a corresponding group of porous non-hollow carbonaceous spherical particles;
an electrolyte dispersed throughout the cathode and in contact with the anode;
a separator positioned between the anode and the cathode; and
a protective layer disposed on the anode, the protective layer comprising:
a polymeric network deposited over one or more exposed surfaces of the anode, the polymeric network including carbonaceous materials grafted with a plurality of fluorinated polymer chains cross-linked with each other, wherein the carbonaceous materials include one or more of graphene, few layer graphene, many layer graphene, graphene nanoparticles, or 3D graphene scaffolds; and
a lithium fluoride (LiF) film formed from the polymeric network and lithium provided by the anode.
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