CPC G02F 1/13394 (2013.01) [G02F 1/13398 (2021.01)] | 17 Claims |
1. A substrate, comprising: a base layer; a plurality of column spacers disposed on the base layer; and a plurality of ball spacers, wherein at least one of the plurality of ball spacers is attached to or embedded in at least one of the plurality of column spacers, wherein a ratio (A/B) of a number (A) of the plurality of column spacers to which a ball spacer of the plurality of ball spacers is attached or in which the a ball spacer of the plurality of ball spacers is embedded relative to a number (B) of column spacers of the plurality of column spacers to or in which a ball spacer of the plurality of ball spacers is not attached or embedded is in a range from 0.01 to 10.
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