CPC C09K 8/575 (2013.01) [C07C 19/01 (2013.01); C07C 22/04 (2013.01); C07C 55/02 (2013.01); C07C 55/22 (2013.01); C07C 211/09 (2013.01); C07C 211/13 (2013.01); C07D 303/08 (2013.01); C09K 8/607 (2013.01); C09K 8/86 (2013.01); C09K 2208/12 (2013.01)] | 18 Claims |
1. A method comprising:
injecting, into a subterranean formation under fracturing conditions, one or more fracturing fluid compositions comprising:
a base fluid;
(a) one or more synthetic or natural hydratable polymers; (b) one or more synthetic or natural hydratable polymers and one or more crosslinking agents; or (c) one or more synthetic or natural hydratable polymers, one or more crosslinking agents, and one or more proppants; and
an effective amount of a clay stabilizing composition comprising:
one or more tri-functional primary amine compounds comprising one or more compounds of Formula I:
HC(RNR1R2)(R′NR3R4)(R″NR5R6) (I); and
one or more salts comprising one or more compounds of Formula II:
HC(RN+R1R2R7)(R′N+R3R4R8)(R″N+R5R6R9)Xn (II),
wherein:
the R, R′, and R″ groups comprising the same or different hydrocarbyl linking groups including between 1 and 8 carbon atoms, and when the R, R′, and R″ groups including between 2 and 8 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by acetate groups, or carbonyl groups, the R1-6 groups comprising the same or different hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbyl groups including between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, and when the R1-6 groups including between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms, acetate groups, or carbonyl groups, the R7-9 groups are (a) absent and their associated nitrogen atoms do not bear a charge, (b) the same or different comprising a hydrogen atom and their associated nitrogen atoms bear a charge, or (c) the same or different comprising a hydrocarbyl group including between 1 and 24 carbon atoms and their associated nitrogen atoms bear a charge; provided that at least one of the R7-9 groups comprising a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group, and when the R7-9 groups including between 2 and 24 carbon atoms, then one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by oxygen atoms, acetate groups, or carbonyl groups;
the X groups are the same or different counterions derived from an organic acid, an alkylating agent, a quaternizing agent, or mixtures thereof;
n is an integer having a value of 1, 2 or 3; provided that each of the compounds of Formula (II) is neutral;
the clay stabilizing composition stabilizes clay, reduces clay swelling, and reduces fines migration during fracturing.
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