CPC G01N 33/492 (2013.01) [G01N 33/6896 (2013.01); G16H 50/20 (2018.01); G16H 50/30 (2018.01); G16Z 99/00 (2019.02); G01N 2800/28 (2013.01); G01N 2800/38 (2013.01)] | 17 Claims |
1. A method of differentiating between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-ASD developmental delay (DD) in a subject, the method comprising:
(i) measuring levels of a plurality of metabolites in a sample obtained from the subject, wherein the plurality of metabolites comprise hydroxychlorothalonil and a second metabolite,
(ii) determining the hydroxychlorothalonil level in the sample is within an ASD tail effect with a right tail if the level of hydroxychlorothalonil in the sample is greater than 2.645 ng/ml, and
determining the second metabolite level in the sample is within an ASD tail effect,
wherein the second metabolite is selected from the group consisting of: 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF), 3-indoxyl sulfate, 4-ethylphenyl sulfate, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, 8-hydroxyoctanoate, gamma-CEHC, hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine (C5), indoleacetate, isovalerylglycine, lactate, N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, p-cresol sulfate, pantothenate (Vitamin B5), phenylacetylglutamine, pipecolate, xanthine, octenoylcarnitine, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG);
wherein the level of 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF) is less than 0.396 ng/ml,
wherein the level of 3-indoxyl sulfate is less than 0.584 ng/ml,
wherein the level of 4-ethylphenyl sulfate is less than 0.281 ng/ml,
wherein the level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetate is greater than 2.027 ng/ml,
wherein the level of 8-hydroxyoctanoate is less than 0.711 ng/ml,
wherein the level of gamma-CEHC is less than 0.505 ng/ml,
wherein the level of hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine (C5) is less than 0.619 ng/ml,
wherein the level of indoleacetate is less than 0.707 ng/ml,
wherein the level of isovalerylglycine is less than 0.438 ng/ml,
wherein the level of lactate is greater than 1.288 ng/ml,
wherein the level of N1-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide is less than 0.554 ng/ml,
wherein the level of p-cresol sulfate is less than 0.378 ng/ml,
wherein the level of pantothenate (Vitamin B5) is great than 1.980 ng/ml,
wherein the level of phenylacetylglutamine is less than 0.498 ng/ml,
wherein the level of pipecolate is greater than 1.711 ng/ml,
wherein the level of xanthine is greater than 1.507 ng/ml,
wherein the level of octenoylcarnitine is less than 0.479 ng/ml, and
wherein the level of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is less than 0.680 ng/ml;
iii) determining the subject has ASD and not DD based on the identified ASD tails as determined in step (i) and step (ii).
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