CPC H01M 4/366 (2013.01) [C01G 53/04 (2013.01); C01G 53/50 (2013.01); H01M 4/525 (2013.01); H01M 4/628 (2013.01); C01P 2002/72 (2013.01); C01P 2002/85 (2013.01); C01P 2004/04 (2013.01); C01P 2006/40 (2013.01); H01M 2004/028 (2013.01)] | 29 Claims |
1. A composite cathode active material comprising:
a core comprising a plurality of primary particles; and
a shell on the core,
wherein the primary particles comprise a first lithium transition metal oxide comprising nickel,
wherein the shell comprises a first layer and a second layer on the first layer,
wherein the first layer comprises a first composition represented by Formula 1A:
M1bOc
wherein, in Formula 1A,
M1 comprises cobalt,
0.9≤b≤3.1, and 1.9≤c≤4.1,
the second layer comprises a second composition comprising cobalt and phosphorus, and an amount of the second composition included in the second layer is about 2 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the first lithium transition metal oxide, and
wherein the core comprises a grain boundary located between primary particles of the plurality of primary particles, and the grain boundary comprises a third composition comprising Li2ZrO3.
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