| CPC A01N 37/02 (2013.01) | 21 Claims |
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1. A method of delaying emergence of resistance to a transgenic insecticidal trait in a field plot system, said method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a field plot system comprising:
i) plants of one or more species, wherein each plant comprises a transgenic insecticidal trait;
ii) a refuge comprising plants without a transgenic insecticidal trait; and
iii) a population of an insect pest targeted by the transgenic insecticidal trait of (i); and
b) applying mating disruption within the field plot system, wherein the mating disruption reduces the probability of a male insect pest successfully locating and mating with a female insect pest, thereby delaying the emergence of resistance to the transgenic insecticidal trait in the field plot system;
wherein the refuge within the field plot system comprises at least about 2.5%, but less than 15%, of the field plot system's agricultural area;
wherein the transgenic insecticidal trait is encoded by a Cry gene or a VIP gene;
wherein the field plot system comprises corn, soybean, and/or cotton plants;
wherein the insect pest comprises Spodoptera frugiperda or Helicoverpa zea; and
wherein the mating disruption comprises application of a pheromone selected from the group consisting of: (E)-2-Decen-1-ol, (E)-2-Decenyl acetate, (E)-2-Decenal, (Z)-2-Decen-1-ol (Z)-2-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-2-Decenal, (E)-3-Decen-1-ol, (Z)-3-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-3-Decen-1-ol, (Z)-4-Decen-1-ol, (E)-4-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-4-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-4-Decenal, (E)-5-Decen-1-ol, (E)-5-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Decen-1-ol, (Z)-5-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Decenal, (E)-7-Decenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Decenyl acetate, (E)-8-Decen-1-ol, (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal, (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal, (Z,Z)-2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)-3,5-Decadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-Decadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-4,7-Decadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-4,7-Decadienyl acetate, (E)-2-Undecenyl acetate, (E)-2-Undecenal, (Z)-5-Undecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Undecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Undecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Undecenyl acetate, (E)-2-Dodecenal, (Z)-3-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-3-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-3-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-4-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-5-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienal, (Z,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal, (E,E)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienal, (Z,E)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal, (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienal, (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-8,10-Dodecadienal, (Z,Z)-8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-8,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E,E)-3,6,8-Dodecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,E)-3,6,8-Dodecatrien-1-ol, (E)-2-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-2-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-3-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-4-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-4-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-4-Tridecenal, (E)-6-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-8-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-10-Tridecenyl acetate, (E)-11-Tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Tridecenyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,7-Tridecadienyl acetate, (Z)-11-Tetradecenal, (E)-12-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E,E)-2,4-Tetradecadienal, (E,E)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,7-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,8-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,9-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,9-Tetradecadienal, (E,Z)-4,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-5,8-Tetradecadienal, (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-5,8-Tetradecadienal, (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienal, (E,Z)-8,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,10-Tetradecadienal, (Z,E)-8,10-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-8,10-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-8,10-Tetradecadienal, (E,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,11-Tetradecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,11-Tetradecadienal, (E,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E)-9-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Hexadecenal, (Z)-9-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Hexadecenal, (E)-10-Hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-10-Hexadecenal, (Z)-10-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-10-Hexadecenal, (E)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-11-Hexadecenal, (Z)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Hexadecenal, (Z)-12-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-Hexadecenal, (E)-14-Hexadecenal, (Z)-14-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E,E)-1,3-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-4,6-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-4,6-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,6-Hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-6,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-6,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-7,10-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-7,10-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-8,10-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,11-Hexadecadienal, (E,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-9,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,11-Hexadecadienal, (Z)-9-Heptadecenal, (E)-10-Heptadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Heptadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-Heptadecenyl acetate, (E,E)-4,8-Heptadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-8,10-Heptadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-8,11-Heptadecadienyl acetate, (E)-2-Octadecenyl acetate, (E)-2-Octadecenal, (Z)-2-Octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-2-Octadecenal, (E)-9-Octadecen-1-ol, (E)-9-Octadecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Octadecenal, (Z)-9-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-Octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Octadecenal, (E)-11-Octadecen-1-ol, (E)-11-Octadecenal, (Z)-11-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-Octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-Octadecenal, (E)-13-Octadecenyl acetate, (E)-13-Octadecenal, (Z)-13-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-13-Octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-13-Octadecenal, (E)-14-Octadecenal, (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienal, (Z,E)-2,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-2,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienal, (Z,E)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienal, (E)-5-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-5-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Dodecenal, (E)-6-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-6-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-6-Dodecenal, (E)-7-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-7-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-7-Dodecenal, (Z)-7-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Dodecenal, (E)-8-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-8-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8-Dodecenal, (Z)-8-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-8-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-9-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Dodecenal, (Z)-9-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-Dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Dodecenal, (E)-10-Dodecen-1-ol, (E)-10-Dodecenyl acetate, (E)-10-Dodecenal, (Z)-10-Dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-10-Dodecenyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,5-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,6-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-4,10-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-5,7-Dodecadienal, (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-5,7-Dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-4,7-Tridecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-4,7-Tridecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-5,9-Tridecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-Tridecadienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-Tridecatrienyl acetate, (E)-3-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-3-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-3-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-3-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-5-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-5-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-5-Tetradecenal, (Z)-5-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-5-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Tetradecenal, (E)-6-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-6-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-7-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Tetradecenal, (E)-8-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-8-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Tetradecenal, (E)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Tetradecenal, (E)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-11-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-Tetradecenal, (Z)-11-Tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-Tetradecenyl acetate, (E,E)-10,12-Tetradecadienal, (E,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-10,12-Tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-Tetradecatrienyl acetate, (E)-8-Pentadecen-1-ol, (E)-8-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Pentadecen-1-ol, (Z)-8-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-Pentadecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-10-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-10-Pentadecenal, (E)-12-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-Pentadecenyl acetate, (Z,Z)-6,9-Pentadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-6,9-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-6,9-Pentadecadienal, (E,E)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-8,10-Pentadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,11-Pentadecadienal, (Z,Z)-9,11-Pentadecadienal, (Z)-3-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-5-Hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-5-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-5-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-6-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-7-Hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-7-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-7-Hexadecenal, (Z)-7-Hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-Hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-Hexadecenal, (E)-8-Hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-9-Hexadecen-1-ol, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienal, (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-11,13-Hexadecadienal, (E,E)-10,14-Hexadecadienal, (Z,E)-11,14-Hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-4,6,10-Hexadecatrien-1-ol, (E,E,Z)-4,6,10-Hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-4,6,10-Hexadecatrien-1-ol, (E,Z,Z)-4,6,10-Hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-4,6,11-Hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-4,6,11-Hexadecatrienal, (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-Hexadecatrienal, (E,E,E)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,E)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienal, (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-Hexadecatrienal, (E,E,Z,Z)-4,6,11,13-Hexadecatetraenal, (E)-2-Heptadecenal, (Z)-2-Heptadecenal, (E)-8-Heptadecen-1-ol, (E)-8-Heptadecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-Heptadecen-1-ol, (E,E)-5,9-Octadecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-5,9-Octadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienal, (Z,Z)-11,13-Octadecadienal, (E,E)-11,14-Octadecadienal, (Z,Z)-13,15-Octadecadienal, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Octadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,E)-9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienyl acetate, and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienal, within the field plot system.
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